TY - JOUR
T1 - Achieving the Promise of Therapeutic Extracellular Vesicles
T2 - The Devil is in Details of Therapeutic Loading
AU - Sutaria, Dhruvitkumar S.
AU - Badawi, Mohamed
AU - Phelps, Mitch A.
AU - Schmittgen, Thomas D.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
PY - 2017/5/1
Y1 - 2017/5/1
N2 - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a class of cell secreted organelles which naturally contain biomolecular cargo such as miRNA, mRNA and proteins. EVs mediate intercellular communication, enabling the transfer of functional nucleic acids from the cell of origin to the recipient cells. In addition, EVs make an attractive delivery vehicle for therapeutics owing to their increased stability in circulation, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and toxicity profiles. EVs can also be engineered to display targeting moieties on their surfaces which enables targeting to desired tissues, organs or cells. While much has been learned on the role of EVs as cell communicators, the field of therapeutic EV application is currently under development. Critical to the future success of EV delivery system is the description of methods by which therapeutics can be successfully and efficiently loaded within the EVs. Two methods of loading of EVs with therapeutic cargo exist, endogenous and exogenous loading. We have therefore focused this review on describing the various published approaches for loading EVs with therapeutics.
AB - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a class of cell secreted organelles which naturally contain biomolecular cargo such as miRNA, mRNA and proteins. EVs mediate intercellular communication, enabling the transfer of functional nucleic acids from the cell of origin to the recipient cells. In addition, EVs make an attractive delivery vehicle for therapeutics owing to their increased stability in circulation, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and toxicity profiles. EVs can also be engineered to display targeting moieties on their surfaces which enables targeting to desired tissues, organs or cells. While much has been learned on the role of EVs as cell communicators, the field of therapeutic EV application is currently under development. Critical to the future success of EV delivery system is the description of methods by which therapeutics can be successfully and efficiently loaded within the EVs. Two methods of loading of EVs with therapeutic cargo exist, endogenous and exogenous loading. We have therefore focused this review on describing the various published approaches for loading EVs with therapeutics.
KW - EV therapeutics
KW - drug loading
KW - exosomes
KW - extracellular vesicles
KW - microvesicles
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85015687439&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11095-017-2123-5
DO - 10.1007/s11095-017-2123-5
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28315083
AN - SCOPUS:85015687439
SN - 0724-8741
VL - 34
SP - 1053
EP - 1066
JO - Pharmaceutical Research
JF - Pharmaceutical Research
IS - 5
ER -