Complications of treatment of proximal humerus fractures

Fractures of the proximal humerus are relatively common and account for 4—5 % of injuries to the appendicular skeleton. Most minimally displaced osteoporotic fractures occur among the elderly, but they can present among a wide range of age groups, and can be successfully treated nonoperatively with good results. About a fifth of fractures require surgical intervention, but almost all of these procedures are aimed at improving functional outcome compared to nonoperative care. Outcomes from surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures are good, with improved function and less pain than if those same fractures had been treated nonoperatively. Many reconstructive options are available, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The surgeon must understand the fracture pattern and the expectations of the individual patient in choosing between conservative care and surgical intervention. We review the treatment complications of nonoperative and operative management of proximal humerus fractures to present the most common complications and provide tips and insights to avoid their occurrence.