Follicular Helper and Regulatory T Cells Drive the Development of Spontaneous Epstein–Barr Virus Lymphoproliferative Disorder

Elshafa Hassan Ahmed, Mark Lustberg, Claire Hale, Shelby Sloan, Charlene Mao, Xiaoli Zhang, Hatice Gulcin Ozer, Sarah Schlotter, Porsha L. Smith, Frankie Jeney, Wing Keung Chan, Bonnie K. Harrington, Christoph Weigel, Eric Brooks, Haley L. Klimaszewski, Christopher C. Oakes, Tamrat Abebe, Muntaser E. Ibrahim, Lapo Alinari, Gregory K. BehbehaniPolina Shindiapina, Michael A. Caligiuri, Robert A. Baiocchi

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpes virus associated with various cancers. EBV establishes latency with life-long persistence in memory B-cells and can reactivate lytic infection placing immunocompromised individuals at risk for EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disorders (EBV-LPD). Despite the ubiquity of EBV, only a small percentage of immunocompromised patients (~20%) develop EBV-LPD. Engraftment of immunodeficient mice with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy EBV-seropositive donors leads to spontaneous, malignant, human B-cell EBV-LPD. Only about 20% of EBV+ donors induce EBV-LPD in 100% of engrafted mice (High-Incidence, HI), while another 20% of donors never generate EBV-LPD (No-Incidence, NI). Here, we report HI donors to have significantly higher basal T follicular helper (Tfh) and regulatory T-cells (Treg), and depletion of these subsets prevents/delays EBV-LPD. Transcriptomic analysis of CD4+ T cells from ex vivo HI donor PBMC revealed amplified cytokine and inflammatory gene signatures. HI vs. NI donors showed a marked reduction in IFNγ production to EBV latent and lytic antigen stimulation. In addition, we observed abundant myeloid-derived suppressor cells in HI donor PBMC that decreased CTL proliferation in co-cultures with autologous EBV+ lymphoblasts. Our findings identify potential biomarkers that may identify individuals at risk for EBV-LPD and suggest possible strategies for prevention.

Original languageEnglish
Article number3046
JournalCancers
Volume15
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2023

Keywords

  • CD4+ T helper subsets
  • Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)
  • Hu-PBL-SCID model
  • immunocompromised patients
  • lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD)
  • risk factors

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