TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanisms of tertiary lymphoid structure formation
T2 - cooperation between inflammation and antigenicity
AU - Khanal, Shrijan
AU - Wieland, Andreas
AU - Gunderson, Andrew J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Khanal, Wieland and Gunderson.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - To mount an effective anti-tumor immune response capable of controlling or eliminating disease, sufficient numbers of lymphocytes must be recruited to malignant tissue and allowed to sustain their effector functions. Indeed, higher infiltration of T and B cells in tumor tissue, often referred to as “hot tumors”, is prognostic for patient survival and predictive of response to immunotherapy in almost all cancer types. The organization of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in solid tumors is a unique example of a hot tumor whereby T and B lymphocytes aggregate with antigen presenting cells and high endothelial venules reflecting the cellular organization observed in lymphoid tissue. Many groups have reported that the presence of preexisting TLS in tumors is associated with a superior adaptive immune response, response to immunotherapy, and improved survivorship over those without TLS. Accordingly, there is significant interest into understanding the mechanisms of how and why TLS organize so that they can be elicited therapeutically in patients with few or no TLS. Unfortunately, the most commonly used mouse models of cancer do not spontaneously form TLS, thus significantly restricting our understanding of TLS biology. This brief review will summarize our current state of knowledge of TLS neogenesis and address the current gaps in the field.
AB - To mount an effective anti-tumor immune response capable of controlling or eliminating disease, sufficient numbers of lymphocytes must be recruited to malignant tissue and allowed to sustain their effector functions. Indeed, higher infiltration of T and B cells in tumor tissue, often referred to as “hot tumors”, is prognostic for patient survival and predictive of response to immunotherapy in almost all cancer types. The organization of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in solid tumors is a unique example of a hot tumor whereby T and B lymphocytes aggregate with antigen presenting cells and high endothelial venules reflecting the cellular organization observed in lymphoid tissue. Many groups have reported that the presence of preexisting TLS in tumors is associated with a superior adaptive immune response, response to immunotherapy, and improved survivorship over those without TLS. Accordingly, there is significant interest into understanding the mechanisms of how and why TLS organize so that they can be elicited therapeutically in patients with few or no TLS. Unfortunately, the most commonly used mouse models of cancer do not spontaneously form TLS, thus significantly restricting our understanding of TLS biology. This brief review will summarize our current state of knowledge of TLS neogenesis and address the current gaps in the field.
KW - adaptive immunity
KW - B cell
KW - T cell
KW - T cell - B cell collaboration
KW - tertiary lymphoid structures
KW - tumor immunity and immunotherapy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85173945673&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267654
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267654
M3 - Short survey
C2 - 37809103
AN - SCOPUS:85173945673
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 14
JO - Frontiers in immunology
JF - Frontiers in immunology
M1 - 1267654
ER -